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I agree with Rob. You also need to banish concepts like “half dose” as that is meaningless. Just as caloric intake is a way to measure and control your food, ppm N is the way to do it for plants. 75-125 ppm N, applied weekly, seems to be a pretty reasonable rate for most plants grown in media...

Fusarium is relatively rare in home-grown plants. The so-called “velvet ring” might be nothing more than mold that is unrelated. Please describe the care, repotting, etc. that plants have been getting and post photos so we can help.

Fusarium is actually fairly rare in home-grown plants. More likely, you’re dealing with root damage that has reduced the plant’s ability to take up water. That bark does seem awfully coarse, even for a mature phal., but if you water the hell out of it, wait 30 minutes and water the hell out...

Please reread the entire explanation. It's pretty complete and understandable unless you naively believe that being innocent protects one from harassment.

I knew George, too. I think Frank is right-on.

I don’t know much about the species, but having been in a flask, the seedlings will be accustomed to 100% RH, so you’ll need to keep them that humid at first, then transition them to a slightly lesser level.

Illegally imported plants cannot be held or used at all.

That tells me you are not eradicating the population from your entire collection, and/or acquire infested plants and stick them in "genpop" before they have been evaluated. I'll bet I hadn't seen a mealy in 20 years in my greenhouse in PA and avoided it here for 6 years, until I bought several...

Citric acid is added to fertilizers specifically to enhance the solubility of calcium minerals.

I think we're in agreement. True PAR is that rectangular dotted volume. Neither of the sensor response curves incorporate that full volume, but do add some photons outside of it. The black curve captures less than the gold one. If the lamps put out a lot of red and blue, the "black" curve...

A PAR meter is supposed to read the sum of the photon flux for all wavelengths between 400 & 700 nm - no matter what the source. If you were getting incorrect readings, I'd guess it had to do with the quality or calibration of the sensor, not the light source. Ordinary light meters tend to...

Based upon that image, I'd say you're well ahead of a lot of folks.

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Carl, the trouble is that each LED is a “patch” of many “points” if emission AND there is a linear array. It has been a zillion years since I did any calculus too, so I just won’t. DK, as you have a PPFD meter, I think it’s better to just shoot for these, generally accepted levels for 12...

If I recall correctly, the US Fish and Wildlife folks, who have the responsibility to deal with CITES stuff, refused vietnamense here because the Vietnam authorities had never issued a CITES certificate for anything.

I think that's a great explanation, Hilmar.

As CITES is supposed to control trade, a wild-collected plant or even a seed capsule that is propagated in a nursery can yield offspring that - if the government has shown that it is truly trying to manage such things - may be considered eligible for trade.

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But that is NOT true. Here's the text, directly from the CITES.ORG website: Regulation of Trade in Specimens of Species Included in Appendix I